Professor Andrew Polsky

Fall 2003
 

A scholarly review essay follows a standard form. Such an essay provides the reader with an overview of the most significant points raised by the author. Unlike a straightforward book report, however, a review essay is primarily devoted to critical discussion of the text. You should keep the following in mind:
 

1. Some books are more suitable for review than others. Edited collections can prove very tricky because contributors may address different material and the review can easily take on a disjointed, choppy character. I strongly recommend that you select sole-authored works. Also, unlike a new or recent book, older books lend themselves to a special kind of treatment, one that assesses the significance of the work over time. You may not yet be in a position to undertake such a task. The nature of the critical review assignment for this course, then, makes it inadvisable to pick books more than ten years old. (Reminder: you may not select for review any book assigned as required reading for the course.)
 

2. Review essays follow a general pattern: introduction, summary of the book, critical discussion, conclusion. (Full publication data for the book should appear between the title of the review essay and the first line of the essay.) These sections should be clear to you as the essay writer and equally clear to the reader. An obvious device is to skip a line between sections. (You may find it helpful to refer as well to the general guidelines for undergraduate paper writing that are on my web page.) While an experienced reviewer may move back and forth between summary and critique, I want you to observe a sharp division between those parts of the paper.
 

3. Introduction. The introduction to a review essay indicates the general line of argument that the essay writer will pursue. Use your opening paragraph to situate the book in the context in which it is written, identify the author's main thesis and approach, and preview your own critical response. Be economical: this paragraph should require no more than one page.
 

4. Summary. Limit the space you devote to a summary of the book or books under review. This assignment calls for an 8-10 page paper; the summary must not exceed four pages. If you find that you are using more than half of your paper to recount what is in the text, you have strayed too far in the direction of a book report. Remember that you cannot possibly relate all of the points the author has made; focus on the central argument and on claims that are most significant to us as participants in the discipline. Note that as you develop your critical discussion, you can elaborate further upon important points the text has raised. In grading the paper, I look for a summary that is concise and clearly written.
 

5. Critical Discussion. In the context of scholarly inquiry, a "critical discussion" evaluates the contribution of the text under review to the discipline of which you are a part or the contribution across disciplines. As a starting point, consider how the book seeks to advance the debate(s) in which the author has chosen to participate. This means you must situate the work in the intellectual context in which it is written. In particular, you need to identify the controversies or problems that the author seeks to address. Ordinarily, an author will define the context for you as he/she understands it in the preface, introduction, or first chapter of the book. Once you have "placed" the book, you are in a position to begin your critical analysis. You may choose to assess whether the book makes an important or useful contribution (but only if you are familiar with other literature on the subject), whether the evidence supports the author's thesis, whether the author has considered alternative explanations for the same outcome, or whether the argument is internally consistent. Support your arguments with evidence. Note that I weigh the critical discussion most heavily when grading the paper.
 

You may also feel the book speaks to issues or controversies other than those which the author has identified. The text may be used to shed light on some approach or debate we have been discussing in class. It is perfectly legitimate to assess a book for its contribution to questions that the author may not have intended, but you should make it plain that you are evaluating it by a standard that differs from the one to which he/she subscribes. Moreover, if you propose to use a book this way, you should still indicate the context in which the author wishes to be understood.
 

A more challenging way to use a book is to make it (probably along with other scholarship you will cite) the basis for your own original analysis of a political phenomenon. Some of the most respected and well-cited review essays take this approach. I recommend you speak to me before you proceed along these lines as a different format might be advisable.
 

In the course of your critical analysis, you should refer to other writings. Authors talk to each other in print. If your author, author A, seeks to undermine a theory advanced by author B, then you will have to devote some space, possibly a paragraph, to an exposition of author B's work. You may also wish to consider how B would respond to A's critique. It may help to create a "conversation" between authors even when they have not engaged each other explicitly. This may be useful when you use the book under review to open up a new critical perspective on another book or article we've examined. Your own response to the debate is important, but it should follow the accurate, concise presentation of the scholarly argument.
 

6. Be careful about voice. You should always make clear to the reader who is "speaking" in your paper - the book author, another author, or you as the essay writer. This is usually not a problem in the part of the essay given over to summarizing the book, but ambiguity about the voice can be a source of confusion when you turn to the critical discussion.
 

7. If a review essay is an unfamiliar assignment, you may find it helpful to look at published review essays. Some political science journals regularly publish review essays, including Perspectives on Political Science and Polity.
 

8. Please observe the standard formatting conventions. Papers should be set in 12-point font, double-spaced, with one-inch margins on all sides.