A useful general bibliography may be found in Edgar Graves, A Bibliography of English History to 1485 (Oxford, 1975). Also see the Bibliographical Handbooks published by the Conference on British Studies: Volume 1: Anglo-Norman England: 1066-1145, ed. Michael Altschul (London, 1969); Volume 2: 1145-1377, ed. Bruce Wilkinson (London); Volume 3: 1377-1485, ed. D. Guth (London, 1978). Excellent annual bibliographies of Anglo-Saxon studies arranged by subjects may be found in the numbers of Anglo-Saxon England.
On problems of chronology for the early period, see K. Harrison, The Framework of Anglo-Saxon History to A. D. 900 (Cambridge, 1976); on the later period, F. M. Powicke and E. B. Fryde, A Handbook of British Chronology, second edition (London, 1961). On problems of geography, see H. C. Darby (ed.), A New Historical Geography of England Before 1600 (Cambridge, 1976) and R. A. Dodgshon amd R. A. Butlin, An Historical Geography of England and Wales (London, 1978).
Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, third edition (Oxford History of England, 2; Oxford, 1971); A. L. Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta (Oxford History of England, 3; Oxford, 1951); Maurice Powicke, The Thirteenth Century (Oxford History of England, 4; Oxford, 1953).
Dorothy Whitelock, The Beginnings of English Society (The Anglo-Saxon Period) (The Pelican History of England, 2; London, 1952); Doris Mary Stenton, English Society in the Early Middle Ages (The Pelican History of England, 3; London, 1951); A. R. Myers, England in the Late Middle Ages (The Pelican History of England, 4; London, 1952).
Peter Hunter Blair, Roman Britian and Early England, 55 B.C. to A.D. 871 (Norton History of England, 1; London, 1963); Christopher Brooke, From Alfred to Henry III, 871-1272 (Norton History of England, 2; London, 1961).
Frank Barlow, The Feudal Kingdom of England, 1042-1216 (Longman's History of England; London, 1955; reprint, 1992).
Christopher Brooke, The Saxon and Norman Kings (British Monarchy, 1; London, 1963); John Harvey, The Plantagenets (British Monarchy, 2; London).
H. R. Loyn, Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest (Longman's Social and Economic History of England; London, 1962); D. M. Palliser, The Age of Elizabeth: England Under the Later Tudors, 1547-1603 (Social and Economic History of England; Longmans).
David Douglas, The Norman Achievement, 1050-1100 (Berkeley, 1969) and The Norman Fate, 1100-1154 (Berkeley, 1976).
Peter Sawyer, From Roman Britain to Norman England (London, 1978).
M. T. Clanchy, England and its Rulers, 1066-1272: Foreign Lorship and National Identity (Oxford, 1983).
John Le Patourel, Feudal Empires: Norman and Plantagenet (London, 1984).
Marjorie Chibnall, Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1166 Oxford, 1986).
Pauline Stafford, Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (London, 1989).
2A. The reigns of the late Anglo-Saxon, Danish, and Anglo-Norman kings.
On the concept and practice of multiple kingship in early Anglo-Saxon England, the basic work remains J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, Early Medieval Kingship in England and the Continent (Oxford, reprint 1980). For very useful additions, see particularly Anton Scharer, "Die Intitulationes der angelsächsischen Könige im 7. und 8. Jahrhundert," in Herwig Wolfram and Anton Scharer (eds.), Intitulatio. vol. 3: Lateinische Herrschertitel und Herrschertitulaturen vom 7. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert, (Graz, 1988), pp. 9-74 and Steven Fanning, "Bede, Imperium, and the Bretwaldas," Speculum, 66 (1991), pp. 1-26. And on the role of women, Pauline Stafford, "The King's Wife in Wessex, 500-1066," Past and Present, 91 (1981), pp. 3-27.
On the political history of the pre-Alfredian kingdoms, see particuolarly Barbara Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England (London, 1990) and the essays collected in Steven Bassett (ed.), The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (Leicester, 1989).
The best introductions to Alfred the Great (871-99) are H. R. Loyn, Alfred the Great (Oxford, 1967) and the sources collected in Alfred the Great, trans. Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge (London, 1983).
Edward the Martyr (975-78): Christine Fell, Edward, King and Martyr (Leeds, 1971).
Aethelred II "the Unready" (978-1016): D. Hill (ed.), Ethelred the Unready: Papers from the Millenary Conference (Oxford, 1978). See also Simon Keynes, "A Tale of Two Kings: Alfred the Great and Aethelred the Unready," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, fifth series, 36 (1986), pp. 195-217.
Cnut "the Great" (1016-35), Harold "Harefoot" (1035/7-40), and Harthacnut (1040-2): L. M. Larson, Canute the Great (London, 1912); M. K. Lawson, Cnut: The Danes in England in the Early Eleventh Century (London, 1993).
Edward the Confessor (1042-66): Frank Barlow, Edward the Confessor (Berkeley, 1970). See also H. R. Loyn, Harold Son of Godwin (Hastings, 1966 and London, 1971).
William I (1066-87): Frank Stenton, William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans (London, 1925); D. C. Douglas, William the Conqueror. The Norman Impact Upon England (Berkeley, 1964); Frank Barlow, William I and the Norman Conquest (1965).
William II "Rufus": (1087-1100): Edward Freeman, The Reign of William Rufus and the Accession of Henry I, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1882); Frank Barlow, William Rufus (London, 1983).
Note: there is still no full, modern study of the reign of Henry I (1100-35), but see the more specialized works of Judith Greene, Martin Brett, and Charlotte Newman below.
Stephen (1135-54): R. H. C. Davis, King Stephen, 1135-1154 (London, 1967); H. A. Cronne, The Reign of Stephen: Anarchy in England, 1135-1154 (London, 1970).
Henry II (1154-89): Russell Barber, Henry Plantagenet. A Biography (London, 1964); W. L. Warren, Henry II (Berkeley, 1973).
Richard I "the Lionheart" (1189-99): James Brundage, Richard Lion Heart (1974); John Gillingham, Richard the Liionheart (1978). See also Bradford Broughton, The Legends of King Richard I, Coeur de Lion: A Study of Sources and Variations to the Year 1600 (The Hague, 1966) and Lionel Landon, The Itinerary of King Richard I.
John "Lackland" (1199-1216): K. Norgate, John Lackland (London, 1902); Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (Baltimore, 1947); J. T. Appleby, John, King of England (London, 1960); W. L. Warren, King John (Berkeley, 1961); M. Ashley, The Life and Times of King John (London, 1972).
On the development of a royal chancery in Anglo-Saxon England, see the differing views of Pierre Chaplais, "The Anglo-Saxon Chancery: from the Diploma to the Writ," Journal of the Society of Archivists, 3 (1966), pp. 160-79 and Simon Keynes, The Diplomas of King Aethelred the Unready (Cambridge, 1980). On record keeping after the Conquest, see M. T. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record. England, 1066-1307 (Cambridge, 1979). On the place of "clerks," see Teresa Webber, Scribes and Scholars at Salisbury Cathedarl, c. 1075 - c. 1125 (Oxford, 1992).
Charters of Anglo-Saxon kings: J. H. Kemble, Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici, 6 vols. (London, 1839-93) and Walter de Gray Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, 3 vols. (London, 1885-48). The latter is generally the more reliable; neither is complete. The only complete edition of the charters of a single reign remains Simon Keynes, The Diplomas of King Aethelred the Unready, 978-1016 (Oxford, 1980).
For guidance to this material, see A. J. Robertson, Anglo-Saxon Charters (1939); Frank Stenton, The Latin Charters of the Anglo-Saxon Period (London, 1955); and, most especially, Peter Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters: An Annotated List and Bibliography (London, 1968), which is now the standard apparatus for Anglo-Saxon charters. David Dumville, A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Charters: Archives and Single Sheets (Oxford, 1992) provides archival guidance to the surviving originals, while facsilimes may be found in R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D. 1100 (Manchester, 1957) and Simon Keynes, Facsimiles of Anglo-Saxon Charters (Oxford, 1991). Translations of many examples may be found in Dorothy Whitelock (ed.), English Historical Documents. Della Hooke, Worcestershire Anglo-Saxon Charter Bounds (Woodbridge, 1990) studies one fascinating aspect of charters and serves as a model for controlling them as evidence.
Heather Edwards, The Charters of the Early West Saxon Kings (Oxford, 1988).
Laws of Anglo-Saxon kings: F. Liebermann, Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, 3 vols. (Halle, 1903-16).
Other legal documents in Anglo-Saxon: Dorothy Whitelock, Anglo-Saxon Wills (Cambridge, 1930); F. E. Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs (Cambridge, 1952).
Volume 2: Regesta Henrici Primi, 1100-1135, ed. C. Johnson and H. A. Cronne (Oxford, 1956).
Volume 3: Regesta regis Stephani ac Mathildis imperiatricis ac Gaufridi et Henrici ducum Normannorum, 1135-1154, ed. H. A. Cronne and R. H. C. Davis (Oxford, 1969).
Volume 4: Facsimiles of Original Charters and Writs of King Stephen, the Empress Matilda and Dukes Geoffrey and Henry, 1135-1154, ed. H. A. Cronne and R. H. C. Davis (Oxford, 1969).
See also R. A. M. Bishop and Pierre Chaplais, Facsimiles of English Royal Writs to A.D. 1100 (Oxford, 1957).
Henry I: Leges Henrici primi, ed. and trans. L. J. Downer (Oxford, 1972); Magnum rotulum scaccarii, vel magnum rotulum pipae, de anno tricesimo-primo regni Henrici primi (Record Commission; London, 1833); Les Diplômes de Henri Ier, roi d'Angleterre, pour l'abbaye de Saint-Pierre sur Dive, ed. R. N. Sauvage (Rouen, 1933).
Henry II: The Great Rolls of the Pipe for the Second, Third, and Fourth Years of the Reign of King Henry the Second, 1155-1158, ed Joseph Hunter (Record Commission, London, 1844); The Great Rolls of the Pipe of the Reign of Henry the Second, 30 vols. (Pipe Roll Society; London, 1884-1925). See also Recueil des actes de Henri II, roi d'Angleterre concernant les provinces françaises, ed. Leopold Delisle, 4 vols. (Paris, 1909-27).
Richard I: The Great Roll of Pipe for the First Year of the Reign of Richard I, 1189, ed. Joseph Hunter (Record Commission; London, 1844); The Great Rolls of Pipe for the Second to Tenth Years of the Reign of Richard I, Michelmas 1190-1195, ed. Doris Mary Stenton, 9 vols. (Pipe Roll Society; London, 1925-32).
For other exchequer records: Liber Niger de Scaccario; The Black Book of the Exchequer, ed. T. Hearne, 2 vols., second edition (London, 1771); Liber Rubeus de Scaccario; The Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. H. Hall, 3 vols. (Rolls Series, 1896); Richard Fitz Nagel, Dialogus de Scaccario. The Course of the Exchequer, ed. and trans. Charles Johnson (Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford, 1983); Mary Hemmant, Select Cases in the Exchequer Chamber Before All the Justices of England, 2 vols. (1933-48); C. Hilary Jenkinson and Beryl Formoy (eds.), Select Cases in the Exchequer of Pleas (1932).
For records of other types of court cases, see Placita Anglo-Normannica: Law Cases from William I to Richard I Preserved in the Historical Record, ed. M. M. Bigelow (Boston, 1879); Curia regis rolls, ed. C. T. Flower, 6 vols. (London, 1923-35); Pleas Before the King or his Justices, 1198-1212, ed. Doris Mary Stenton, 3 vols. (Selden Society; London, 1952-67).
For contemporary reflection on English laws, see The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Realm of England Commonly called Glanvill, ed. and trans. George Hall (Nelson's Medieval Texts, London, 1965; reprint, Oxford Medieval Texts, Oxford, 1994). Also indispensible is the later (ca. 1260) work of Henry de Bracton, see De legibus et consuetudinibus Angliae, ed. George Woodbine, 4 vols. (New Haven, 1915-42) and Bracton's Note Book, ed. F. W. Maitland, 3 vols. (London, 1887), ET (of the former): On the Laws and Customs of England, trans. Samuel Thorne, 4 vols. (Cambridge, 1968-77).
For ecclesiastical law, see Hanna Vollrath, Die Synoden Englands bis 1066 (Paderborn, 1985) and Councils and Synods, with other Documents related to the English Church, I (871-1204), ed. Dorothy Whitelock, Martin Brett, and Christpher Brooke, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1981).
Magna Carta, ed. W. S. McKechnie, second edition (Glasgow, 1915).
Much English coinage can be found published in the ongoing series: Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles (British Academy, 1958-present).
The essays in Michael Dolly (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Coins: Studies Presented to F. M. Stenton (London, 1961) provided the basis for later study.
For a survey of Anglo-Saxon coinage, see C. e. blunt, B. H. I. B. Stewart, and C. S. S. Lyon, Coinage in Tenth-Century England from Edward the Elder to Edgar's Reform (1989) and H. B. A. Petersson, Anglo-Saxon Currency: King Edgar's Reform to the Norman Conquest (Lund, 1969).
Mark Blackburn (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memorial of Michael Dolley (1986).
K. Jonsson (ed.), Studies in Late Anglo-Saxon Coinage (Numisnatiska Meddelanden, 35; Stockholm, 1990).
K. Jonsson and B. Malmer (eds.), Sigtuna Papers: Proceedings of the Sigtuna Symposium on Viking-Age Coinage (Stockholm, 1990).
Michael Dolly, The Norman Conquest and the English Coinage (London, 1966).
David Wilson (ed.), The Northern World: the History and Heritage of Northern Europe, AD 400-1100 (London, 1980).
Ian Wood and N. Lund (eds.), People and Places in Northern Europe 500-1600: Essays in Honour of Peter Hayes Sawyer (Woodbridge, 1991).
On the connections of the duchy of Normandy to the history of France, see the suggestive articles of M. de Bouard, "De la Neustrie carolingienne à la Normandie féodale: continuité ou discontinuité?" Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 28 (1955), pp. 1-14; Lucien Musset, "Monachisme d'époque franque et monachisme d'époque ducale en Normandie: le problème de la continuitè," in Lucien Musset (ed.), Aspects du monachisme en Normandie (IVe-XVIIIe siècles) (Paris, 1982); Warren Holister, "Normandy, France and the Anglo-Norman regnum," Speculum, 51 (1976), pp. 202-42; Lucien Musset, "A-t-il existé en Normandie au XIe siècle une aristocratie d'argent?" Annles de Normandie, 9 (1959), pp. 285-8; Lauren Wood Breese, "The Persistence of Scandinavian Connections in Normandy in the Tenth and Early Eleventh Centuries," Viator, 8 (1977), pp. 47-61.
David Bates, Normandy Before 1066 (London, 1982).
Eleanor Searle, Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066 (Berkeley, 1988).
H. R. Loyn, The Vikings in England (London, 1977).
A. P. Smyth, Scandanavian Kings in the British Isles, 850-880 (Oxford, 1982).
Peter Sawyer, Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe A.D. 700-1100 (London, 1982).
E. Roesdahl, Viking Age Denmark (1982).
S. B. F. Hansson, Swedish Vikings in England: the Evidence of the Rune Stones (London, 1966).
On Danish-English coexistence, see David Wilson, "Danish Kings and England in the Late 10th and early 11th Centuries-Economic Implications," Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies, 3 (1980), pp. 188-96 and A. Williams, "Cockles Among the Wheat: Danes and English in the West Midlands in the First Half of the Eleventh Century," Midland History, 11 (1986), pp. 1-22.
The relationships between the English and continental kingdoms has been explored in passing many works on those individual kingdoms, but insufficiently as a subject in its own right. For a brilliantly suggestive essay, see Janet Nelson, "'A King Across the Sea': Alfred in Continental Perspective," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, fifth series, 36 (1986), pp. 45-68. For an exemplary and detailed study of one particular set of relationships, see Karl Leyser, "Die Ottonen und Wessex," Frühmittelalterliche Studien, 17 (1983), pp. 73-97. The only survey is Veronica Ortenberg, The English Church and the Continent in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries: Cultural, Spiritual, and Artistic Exchanges (Oxford, 1992) which is deeply flawed, but provides much interesting material.
And see somewhat more recently, C. Warren Hollister, "1066. The 'Feudal Revolution,'" American Historical Review, 73 (1967), pp. 708-23 and John Le Patourel, "The Norman Conquest, 1066, 1166, or 1154?," Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 1 (1978), pp. 103-20. For a different twist, see Eleanor Searle, "Emma the Conqueror," in C. Harper Bill et al. (eds.), Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown (London, 1989), pp. 281-8.
S. Körner, The Battle of Hastings, England, and Europe 1035-1066 (Lund, 1964).
H. R. Loyn, The Norman Conquest (London, 1965).
R. Allen Brown, Origins of English Feudalism (1973); The Norman Conquest (The Documents of Medieval History, 5; London, 1984); The Normans and the Norman Conquest (Woodbridge, 1994); The Normans (Woodbridge, 1994). See also R. Allen Brown, "The Norman Conquest," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, fifth series, 17 (1967), pp. 109-30.
C. Warren Hollister, The Impact of the Norman Conquest (new York, 1969).
R. A. Welldon Finn, The Norman Conquest and its Effects on the Economy, 1066-86 (1971).
John Dickinson, "Diocesi e sedi episcopali dell'Inghilterra dopo la conquista normanna," in Le istituzioni ecclesiastiche della "Societas Christiana" dei secoli XI-XII. Diocesi, pievi e parrocchie (Miscellanea del Centro di studi medioevali, 8; Milan, 1977), pp. 293-308.
W. L. Warren, "The Myth of Norman Administrative Efficiency," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, fifth series, 34 (1984), pp. 123-32.
Janet Nelson, "The Rites of the Conqueror," in Politics and Ritual in Early Medieval Europe (London, 1986), pp. 375-401.
Susan Ridyard, "Condigna veneratio: Post-Conquest Attitudes to the Saints of the Anglo-Saxons," Anglo-Norman Studies, 9 (1987), pp. 179-206.
For an indispensable commentary see, H. C. Darby, Domesday Geography, 6 vols. (Cambridge, 1952-75). Summarized in H. C. Darby, Domesday England (Cambridge, 1977).
For a valuable bibliographic aid, see David Bates, Bibliography of Domesday Book (Dover, NH, 1986).
The classic and still useful study is F. W. Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond (Cambridge, 1897).
Representative of an older scholarly tradition: V. H. Galbraith, The Making of Domesday Book (Oxford, 1961) and Domesday book: Its Place in Administrative History (Oxford, 1974).
Representative of newer trends: Peter Sawyer (ed.), Domesday Book: a Reassessment (Baltimore, MD, 1985) and J. C. Holt (ed.), Domesday Studies (Wolfeboro, NH, 1987).
The most recent reassessment: Robin Fleming, Kings and Lords in Conquest England (Cambridge, 1991).
On the Anglo-Saxon and early Anglo-Norman rural economy, see T. Rowley (ed.), THe Origins of Open-Field Agriculture (1981); Della Hooke, The Anglo-Saxon Landscape: The Kingdom of the Hwicce (Manchester, 1985); M. Jones, England Before Domesday (1986); J. MacDonald and G. D. Snooks, Domesday Economy: A New Approach to Anglo-Norman History (Oxford, 1986).
On rural society and economy after Domesday, see Reginald Lennard, Rural England, 1086-1135 (Oxford, 1959) and Edward Miller and John Hatcher, Medieval England: Rural Society and Economic Change, 1086-1348 (London, 1978).
The most comprehensive survey is: Donald Matthew, The Norman Kingdom of Sicily (Cambridge, 1992).
Other surveys: John Julius Norwich, The Normans in the South, 1016-1130 (London, 1967); David Douglas, The Norman Fate, 1100-1154 (Berkeley, 1976); Richard Cassady, The Norman Achievement (New York, 1991).
Some important monographs: Claude Cahen, La régime féodale d'Italie normande (Paris, 1940); David Abulafia, The Two Italies: Economic Relations Between the Norman Kingdom of Sicily and the Northern Communes (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, third series, 9; Cambridge, 1977); H. E. J. Cowdrey, The Age of Abbot Desiderius: Montecassino, the Papacy, and the Normans in the Eleventh and Early Twelfth Centuries (Oxford, 1983).
Some useful collections of essays: Atti del Congresso internazionale di studi sulla Sicilia normanna (Palermo, 1973); Società, potere e popolo nell'età di Ruggero II (Atti di Centro di studi normanno-svevi, 3; Bari, 1977); Ruggero il Gran Conte e l'inizio dello stato normanno (Fonti e studi del Corpus membranarum italicarum, 12; Rome, 1977); The Normans in Sicily and Southern Italy (Lincei Lectures; Oxford, 1977).
Some useful collections of texts: P. Delogu (ed.), I Normanni in Italia. Cronache della conquista e del regno (Naples, 1984); Carlrichard Brühl (ed.), Rogerii II. regis diplomata latina (Codex diplomaticus Regni Siciliae. Series prima, Diplomata regum et principum e gente Normannorum, 2.1; Cologne, 1987); Herbert Zielinski (ed.), Tancredi et Willelmi III regum diplomata (Codex diplomaticus Regni Siciliae. Series prima, Diplomata regum et principum e gente Normannorum, 5; Cologne, 1982); Josef Deér (ed.), Das Papsttum und die süditalienishcen Normannenstaaten, 1053-1212 (Historische Texte Mittelalter, 12; Göttingen, 1969).
Some suggestive essays on the concept of "Norman identity": Hartmut Hoffmann, "Die Anfänge der Normannen in Süditalien," Quellen und Forschungen, 49 (1969), pp. 95-144; Graham Loud, "How 'Norman' was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy?," Nottingham Medieval Studies, 25 (1981), pp. 13-34 and "The Gens Normannorum, Myth or Reallity?" Anglo-Norman Studies, 4 (1981), pp. 104-16; T. S. Brown, "The Political Use of the Past in Norman Sicily," in The Perception of the Past in Twelfth-Century Europe, ed. Paul Magdalino (London, 1992), pp. 191-210.
F. Pollack and F. W. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I, 2 vols., second edition (Cambridge, 1898).
Reginald Poole, The Exchequer in the Twelfth Century (Oxford, 1912); Chronicles and Annals (Oxford, 1926); Studies in Chronology and History (Oxford, 1934).
J. E. A. Joliffe, The Constitutional History of Medieval England, third edition (London, 1954) and Angevin Kingship (London, 1955).
Bryce Lyon, A Constitutional and Legal History of Medieval England (Berkeley, 1960).
S. F. C. Milson, The Legal Framework of English Feudalism (Cambridge, 1976) and Historical Foundatons of the Common Law, second edition (London, 1981).
H. G. Richardson and G. O. Sayles, The Governance of Medieval England from the Conquest to Magna Carta (Edinburgh, 1963) and Law and Legislation from Aethelberht to Magna Carta (Edinburgh, 1966).
H. R. Loyn, The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500-1087 (Stanford, 1984) and W. L. Warren, The Governance of Norman and Angevin England, 1086-1272 (Stanford, 1987).
T. J. Oleson, The Witenagemot in the Reign of Edward the Confessor (Toronto, 1955).
Susan Ridyard, The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge, 1988). See also C. J. Stranks, St Etheldreda, Queen and Abbess (Ely, 1975).
Judith Green, The Government of England Under Henry I (Cambridge, 1986).
Martin Brett, The English Church Under Henry I (Oxford, 1970).
Jacques Boussard, Le Gouvernement d'Henri II Plantagenet (Paris, 1956).
Raymond Foreville, L'Eglise et la royauté en angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet (Paris, 1943).
R. C. van Caenegem, Royal Writs in England from the Conquest to Glanvill. Studies in the Early History of the Common Law (London, 1957) and The Birth of the English Common Law, second edition (Cambridge, 1988).
Ralph Turner, The King and His Courts. The Role of John and Henry III in the Administration of Justice, 1199-1240 (Ithaca, 1968) and Men Raised from the Dust: Administrative Service and Upward Mobility in Angevin England (Philadelphia, 1988).
John Hudson, Land, Law, and Lordship in Anglo-Norman England (Oxford, 1993).
Paul Hyams, Kings, Lords, and Peasants in Medieval England (New York, 1980).
4B. The uniting of the kingdoms under Anglo-Norman dominance.
Robin Frame, Colonial Ireland, 1169-1369 (Dublin, 1981) and The Political Development of the British Isles, 1100-1400 (Oxford, 1990).
Rees Davies, Domination and Conquest: the Experience of Ireland, Scotland and Wales 1100-1300 (Cambridge, 1990).
K. L. Maund, Ireland, Wales, and England in the Eleventh Century (Woodbridge, 1991).
Kenneth Nichols, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages (Dublin, 1972).
T. E. McNeill, Anglo-Norman Ulster: The History and Archaeology of an Irish Barony, 1177-1400 (Edinburgh, 1980).
James Lydon (ed.), The English in Medieval Ireland (Dublin, 1984).
Art Cosgrove (ed.), New History of Ireland, 2: Medieval Ireland, 1169-1534 (Oxford, 1987).
Marie Therese Flanagan, Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers, Angevin Kingship: Interactions in Ireland in the Late Twelfth Century (Oxford, 1989).
James Given, State and Society in Medieval Europe: Gwynedd and Languedoc under Outside Rule (Ithaca, NY, 1990).
Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980) and Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000-1306 (London, 1981).
Margaret Deanseley, The Pre-Conquest Church in England, second edition (London, 1963).
John Godfrey, The Church in Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge, 1962).
Z. N. Brooke, The English Church and the Papacy from the Conquest to the Reign of John (Cambridge, 1931 and reprints).
R. Cheney, From Becket to Langton: English Church Government 1170-1213 (Manchester, 1956).
R. N. Swanson, Church and Society in Late Medieval England (New York, 1989).
David Knowles, The Monastic Order in England, second edition (Cambridge, 1962).
Some material on tenth-century monastic reform in England and continental influences therein: Donald Bullough, "The Continental Background of the Tenth-Century English Reform," in Carolingian Renewal: Sources and Heritage (Manchester), pp. 272-96. Also see Tenth Century Studies: Essays in Commemoration of the Millennium of the Council of Winchester and "Regularis Concordia", ed. David Parsons (London, 1975).
On the cults of royal saints: W. A. Chaney, The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity (Manchester, 1970); Susan Ridyard, The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge, 1988).
Studies of important bishops: A. Saltman, Theobald Archbishop of Canterbury (London, 1956); J. R. Robinson, The Times of St. Dunstan (Oxford, 1923); D. Dales, Dunstan: Saint and Statesman (Cambridge, 1988); Bishop Aethelwold, His Career and Influence (Woodbridge, 1988); Emma Mason, St. Wulfstan of Worcester, c. 1008-1095 (Oxford, 1990); A. J. Macdonald, Lanfranc: A Study of His Life, Work and Writing, second edition (1944); Margaret Gibson, Lanfranc of Bec (Oxford, 1978); R. W. Southern, Saint Anselm and his Biographer: a Study of Monastic Life and Thought, 1059-c.1130 (Cambridge, 1966) and Saint Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape (Cambridge); F. M. Powicke, Stephen Langton (Oxford, 1928); M. G. Cheney, Roger, Bishop of Worcester, 1164-1179 (Oxford, 1980); Adrian Morey; Bartholomew of Exeter (Cambridge, 1937); Adrian Morey and Christopher Brooke, Gilbert Foliot and His Letters (Cambridge, 1965); E. J. Kealey, Roger of Salisbury (Berkeley, 1972); Carolyn Schriber, The Dilemma of Arnulf of Lisieux: new Ideas versus Old Ideals (Bloomington, IN, 1990); Lena Voss, Heinrich von Blois (Berlin, 1932): David Knowles, The Episcopal Colleagues of Archbishop Thomas Becket (Cambridge, 1951).
4D. The church and the government of the English realm: the Becket controversy.
David Knowles, Thomas Becket (London, 1970).
Frank Barlow, Thomas Becket (Berkeley, 1986).
Beryl Smalley, The Becket Controversy and the Schools (Oxford, 1973).
Thomas Jones (ed.), The Becket Controversy (New York, 1970).
Raymond Foreville, "Mort et survie de S. Thomas Becket," Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 19 (1971), pp. 21-38.
Raymond Foreville (ed.), Thomas Becket. Actes du Colloque international de Sédières (19-24 août 1973) (Paris, 1975).
Victor Turner, "Religious Paradigms and Political Action: Thomas Becket at the Council of Northampton," in Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society (Ithaca, NY, 1974), pp. 60-97.
Charlotte Newman, The Anglo-Norman Nobility in the Reign of Henry I: The Second Generation (Philadelphia, 1988).
Careers of Anglo-Norman nobles: Sidney Painter, William Marshal (Baltimore, 1933); Georges Duby, William Marshall. The Flower of Chivalry, trans. Richard Howard (New York, 1985); W. E. Wightmann, The Lacy Family in England and Normandy, 1066-1194 (Oxford, 1966); D. B. Crouch, The Beaumont Twins: The Careers of Waleran Count of Meulan and Robert Earl of Leicester (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, fourth series, 1; Cambridge).
5. Editions and translations of useful sources.
For a general guide, see Antonia Gransden, Historical Writing in England, 2 vols. (London, 1974-82). (Note: Volume 1: From c. 550 to c. 1307 and Volume 2: From 1307 to the Early Sixteenth Century.)
Aelred of Rievaulx: Walter Daniel, The Life of Ailred of Rievaulx, ed. and trans. by F. M. Powicke (London, 1950).
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Revised Translation, ed. and trans. Dorothy Whitelock, D. C. Douglas, S. I. Tucker (London, 1961). Note: only one among many editions and translations; be aware that there are variant versions of the text.
Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, ed. R. Howlett, 4 vols. (Rolls Series; London, 1884-90). (Includes the Chronicles of Richard of Devizes, Robert of Torigni, and William of Newburgh.)
Christina of Markyate: The Life of Christina of Markyate, a Twelfth-Century Recluse, ed. and trans. C. H. Talbot (Oxford, 1959; reprint, Oxford Medieval Texts, Oxford, 1987).
Dudo of St. Quentin. De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum, ed. J. Lair (Mémiores de Société antiquaire de Normandie, 23.2; Caen, 1865); also in PL, volume 141. ET: in preparation.
Eadmer of Canterbury, Eadmeri Historia Novorum in Anglia, ed. Martin Rule (Rolls Series, 81; London, 1884). ET: Eadmer's History of Recent Events in England, trans. Geoffrey Bosanquet (London, 1964).
---, Vita s. Anselmi, ed. and trans. Richard Southern (Nelson's Medieval Texts, London, 1962; reprint Oxford Medieval Texts, Oxford, 1972).
Edmund the Martyr: Corolla Sancti Eadmundi. The Garland of St. Edmund, King and Martyr, ed. and trans. Francis Hervey (London, 1907).
Edward the Confessor: The Life of King Edward who rests at Westminster, attributed to a Monk of St. Bertin, ed. and trans. Frank Barlow (Nelson's Medieval Texts, London, 1962; second edition, Oxford Medieval Texts, Oxford, 1992).
Encomium Emmae reginae, ed. and trans. A. Campbell (Camden Society, 3.72; London, 1949).
English Historical Documents, ed. D. C. Douglas. Volume 1 (c. 500-1042), ed. Dorothy Whitelock (London, 1955); Volume 2 (1042-1189), ed. D. C. Douglas and G. W. Greenaway (London, 1953); Volume 3 (1189-1327), ed. H. Rothway (London, 1961).
Geoffrey of Monmouth, History of the Kings of Britain, trans. Lewis Thorpe (Harmondsworth, 1966).
Gerald of Wales: Opera, ed. J. B. Brewer, J. F. Dimock, and G. F. Warner, 8 vols. (Rolls Series, 21; London, 1861-91). ET: R. C. Hoare and T. Wright (London, 1863; reprint, New York, 1968).
Gesta Stephani, ed. and trans. K. R. Potter and R. H. C. Davis (Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford, 1976).
Glavill: The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Realm of England Commonly called Glanvill, ed. and trans. George Hall (London, 1965).
Guy of Amiens, Carmen de Hastinage proelio, ed. and trans. C. Morton and H. Muntz (Oxford Medieval Texts; London, 1972).
Henry I: Leges Henrici primi, ed. and trans. L. J. Downer (Oxford, 1972).
Henry de Bracton, On the Laws and Customs of England, trans. Samuel Thorne, 4 vols. (Cambridge, 1968-77).
Henry of Huntingdom, The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon, ed. and trans. Thomas Forester (London, 1853).
Hugh the Chantor, History of the Church of York, 1066-1127, ed. and trans. Charles Johnson (Nelson's Medieval Texts; London, 1961).
Matthew of Paris: Chronicon maiora, ed. H. R. Luard, 7 vols. (Rolls Series, 57; London, 1872-83. ET: J. A. Giles (London, 1852-4).
Norman Conquest; R. Allen Brown, The Norman Conquest (The Documents of Medieval History, 5; London, 1984).
Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, ed. and trans. Marjorie Chibnall, 6 vols. (Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford, 1969-80).
Richard Fitz Nagel, Dialogus de Scaccario. The Course of the Exchequer, ed. and trans. Charles Johnson (Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford, 1983).
Richard of Devizes, The Chronicle of Richard of Devizes Concerning the Deeds of Richard I, King of England, ed. and trans. John Appleby (Nelson's Medieval Texts; London, 1963).
Roger of Howden: Annales, ed. Walter Stubbs, 4 vols. (Rolls Series, 52; London, 1868-71). ET: H. T. Riley, 2 vols. (London, 1853).
---- (commonly known, and published, under the name of Benedict of Peterborough), Gesta regis Henrici II, ed. and trans. J. Taylor and S. Roskell (Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford, 1975). For the attribution to Roger, see Doris Mary Stenton, "Roger of Howden and Benedict," English Historical Review, 68 (1943), pp. 574-82.
Roger of Wendover: Flores historiarum, ed. J. Stevenson (Rolls Series, 66; London, 1875). ET: J. A. Giles (London, 1849).
J. Stevenson (trans.), Church Historians of England, 5 vols. (London, 1853-8). Includes selections from Florence of Worcester, Simeon of Durham, William of Malmesbury, Robert of Torigny, etc.
Michael Swanton (ed. and trans.), Three Lives of the Last Englishmen (Garland Library of Medieval Literature, B.10; New York, 1984). Includes the lives of King Harold Godwinson, Hereward the Wake, and Bishop Wulfstan of Worcester.
Elisabeth van Houts (ed. and trans.), The "Gesta Normannorum Ducum" of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1992-present).
Walter Map, De nugis curialium; Courtier's Trifles, ed. and trans. M. R. James, R. A. B. Mynors, C. N. L. Brooke (Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford, 1983).
William of Malmesbury, Willelmi Malmesbiriensis monachi de getis regum Anglorum libri quinque, ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols. (Rolls Series, 90; London, 1887-89). ET: Chronicle of the Kings of England, trans. J. A. Giles (London, 1847).