Serfdom

1. The peasantry: freeholders, serfs, and slaves.

Marc Bloch, Slavery and Serfdom in the Middle Ages, trans. William Beer (Berkeley, 1975).

Charles Verlinden, L'esclavage dans l'Europe médiévale, 2 vols. (Ghent, 1955/77). See also "L'origine de sclavus-esclave," Archivum latinitatis medii aevi, 17 (1942), pp. 97-128.

Pierre Dockès, Medieval Slavery and Liberation, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Chicago, 1982).

Vito Fumagallli, Coloni e signori nell'Italia settentrionale: secoli VI-XI (Bologna, 1978).

Pierre Bonnassie, From Slavery to Feudalism in South-Western Europe (Cambridge, 1990)

Paul Freedman, The Origins of Peasant Servitude in Medieval Catalonia (Cambridge, 1991).

Francesco Panero, Servi e rustici: Richerche per una storia della serviù, del servaggio e della libera dipendenza rurale nell'Italia medievale (Vercelli, 1990).

Popoli e paesi nella cultura altomedievale, 2 vols. (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo, 29; Spoleto, 1983).

Werner Rösener, Bauern im Mittelalter (Munich, 1985). ET: Peasants in the Middle Ages, trans. Alexander Stutzer (Oxford, 1992).

2. Village and peasant life.

Robert Fossier, Peasant Life in the Medieval West (Oxford, 1988) and Hommes et villages d'occident au moyen âge (Paris, 1992).

Léopold Genicot, Rural Communities in the Medieval West (Baltimore, 1990).

Michel Aubrun, La paroisse en France des origines au XVe siècle (Paris, 1986).

Gérard Sivéry, Terroirs et communautés rurales dans l'Europe occidentale au Moyen Age (Lille, 1990).

Michel Mollat, The Poor in the Middle Ages, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (New Haven, 1978).

Wendy Davies, Small Worlds: The Village Community in Early Medieval Brittany (London, 1988).

Maurice Beresford and John Hurst, Wharram Percy: Deserted Medieval Village (New Haven, 1991).

M. Bourin-Derruau and R. Durand, Vivre au village au Moyen Age (Paris, 1984).

Della Hooke (ed.), Medieval Villages (Oxford, 1985).

J. A. Raftis (ed.), Pathways to Medieval Peasants (Toronto, 1981).

Villages et villageois au moyen âge (Paris, 1992).

Jacqueline Hamesse and Colette Muraill-Samaran (eds.), Le travail au moyen âge: une approche interdisciplinaire (1990).

3. The rural economy: agriculture and husbandry.

On the notion of a medieval "agricultural revolution," see: Georges Duby, "La révolution agricole médiévale," Revue de géographie de Lyon, 29 (1954), pp. 361-6; David Herlihy, "The Agrarian Revolution in Southern France and Italy, 801-1150," Speculum 33 (1958), pp. 23-41; Adriaan Verhulst, "The 'Agricultural Revolution' of the Middle Ages Reconsidered," in Bernard Bachrach and David Nicholas (eds.), Law, Custom, and the Social Fabric in Medieval Europe. Essays in Honor of Bryce Lyon (Kalamzaoo, MI, 1990), pp. 17-28. On the varied use of the term, see D. Grigg, The Dynamics of agricutlural Change (London, 1982), pp. 177-92).

M. Postan (ed.), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Volume I, second edition (Cambaridge, 1966).

Georges Duby, L'Economie rurale et la vie des campagnes dans l'Occident médiéval: France, Angleterre, Empire, IX-XV siècles: Essai de synthese et perspectives de recherches, 2 vols. (Paris, 1962) and Guerriers et paysans, VII-XIIe siècle: Premier essai de l'économie européenne (Paris, 1973). ET: Rural Economy and Country Life in the Medieval West, trans. Cynthia Postan (Columbia, SC, 1968) and The Early Growth of the European Economy: Warriors and Peasants from the Seventh to the Twelfth Century, trans. Howard Clarke (Ithaca, NY, 1974).

B. H. Slicher Van Bath, The Agrarian History of Western Europe, A. D. 500-1850 (London, 1963).

Marc Bloch, Les caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française (Paris, 1931; revised edition, Paris, 1952). ET: French Rural History: an Essay on its Basic Characteristics, trans. Janet Sondheimer (Berkeley, 1966).

Georges Duby (ed.), Histoire de la France rurale, tome 1: La formation des campagnes françaises des origines au XIVe siècle (Paris, 1975).

B. Andreolli, V. Fumagalli, and M. Montanari (eds.), Le campagne italiane prima e dopo il mille (Bologna, 1985).

Michael Aston, David Austin, and Christopher Dyer (eds.), The Rural Settlements of Medieval England (London, 1989).

Grenville Astill and Annie Grant (eds.), The Countryside of Medieval England (London, 1992).

V. Fumagalli and G. Rossetti, Medioeveo rurale. Sulle tracce della civilta contadina (Bologna, 1980).

Kathleen Biddick, The Other Economy. Pastoral Husbandry on a Medieval Estate (Berkeley, 1989).

M. Bourin-Derruau, Villages et communautés villageoises en Languedoc: l'exemple du Biterrois (Paris, 1988).

Gérard Sivéry, Structures agraires et vie rurale dans le Hainaut à la fin du Moyen Age (Lille, 1977-80) and Terroirs et communautés rurales dans l'Europe occidentale au Moyen Age (Economies et societés; Lille, Presses univesitaires de Lille, 1990).

There are some useful articles on aspects of the rural economy in volumes of the Settimane di Studio and of the Collections Flaran: Agricoltura e mondo rurale in occidente nell'alto medioevo (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo, 13; Spoleto, 1966); L'uomo di fronte al mundo animale nell'alto medioevo, 2 vols. (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo, 31; Spoleto, 1985); L'ambiente vegetale nell'alto medioevo, 2 vols. (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo, 37; Spoleto, 1990); La croissance agricole du haut moyen âge. Chronologie, modalités, géographie (Flaran, 10; Paris, 1990); La vigneron, la viticulture et la cinification en Europe occidentale au moyen âge et à l'époque moderne (Flaran, 11; Paris, 1991); Plantes et cultures nouvelles en Europe occidentale au moyen âge et à l'époque moderne (Flaran, 12; Paris, 1992).

Robert Townsend, The Medieval Village Economy: A Study of the Pareto Mapping in General Equilibrium Models (Princeton, 1993).